Q5. How did you attract/address your audience?

Q4. Who would be the audience for your media product?

     It is important to consider your audience when making a film to know how to tailor it to make it more appealing to the intended audience. It is also very valuable when making decisions on how to successfully market and distribute the film to reach as much of the target audience as possible, therefore increasing profits.

Diagram 1 (Se7en)

     To gain a greater understanding of our target audience, I have looked at statistics from IMDb. The majority of thriller films have predominately male audiences. This is true for the popular thriller film 'Se7en', which was influential when making my film because it is such a popular thriller film (which is supported by the consistently high ratings in the statistics) which effectively utilized many conventions of the genre (for more on this, see my post http://sarahhalevelmedia.blogspot.co.uk/2016/11/how-are-conventions-of-film-noir-used.html ). As diagram 1 shows, 720500 of the people who reviewed the film on IMDb were male, compared to 145341 females; this means that it can be estimated that more than 80% of the film's audience were male.

Diagram 2 (The Disappearance of Alice Creed)

     'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' is another thriller film that was very influential for us. It is even more similar to our film than 'Se7en' because of the similarities of the plots of our films (both films are about kidnappings) and because they are both low-budget indie films. Calculations using the statistics from diagram 2 show that 86% of the people who rated 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' on IMDb were males, so it is likely that the vast majority of the audience were male. Most of the audience for the film were non-US users of IMDb; because it is a low-budget British film it is likely that its audience were mostly domestic and I would expect the same for our film.

Diagram 3 (The Lovely Bones)

     'The Lovely Bones' also had some influence on our film. Although the primary genre which it is categorised into is 'drama' rather than 'thriller', it does contain many elements of the thriller genre which make it relevant to my product. Moreover, there are strong similarities in plot and character of 'The Lovely Bones' and my film ('Coercion'); both films involve the kidnapping of a teenage girl by an obsessive neighbour. Diagram 3 shows that themajority of people who rated the film on IMDb were male, like the other films which I investigated. However, there is a smaller difference between the number of male and female viewers - nearly one third of ratings in the diagram are from female audience members. This may be partly due to the female protagonist; our film also stars a female lead, so we may also expect a significant number of female viewers within our mostly male audience. The statistics for this film present a younger audience that the other diagrams; the largest age group who rated 'The Lovely Bones' were aged 18-29 and our film could attract a similar audience of young adults because the protagonist of 'Coercion' is quite young but the film's themes are too dark for a very young audience.

     This is Matt, an example member of the target audience for 'Coercion'. He is a 22 year old student who lives in a medium-sized city in England (like the setting of our film), who enjoys watching films in his spare time. He is particularly enthusiastic about thriller films because he likes to immerse himself into the tense and suspenseful stories, especially in the sub-genre of psychological thriller films (which our film could be included in due to the obsessive and psychopathic traits of our antagonist). As well as watching films, he enjoys playing video games and loves their exciting action sequences. Although he enjoys some popular music, he likes discovering less well-known indie bands because of the individuality and greater variety that can be found, plus he enjoys sharing these discoveries with his friends - he likes indie films for similar reasons.

Edited 31/03/17: Q1. In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

Q2. How does your media product represent particular social groups?

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

   Our film opening reinforces several stereotypes which are commonly presented in the thriller genre. For example, our protagonist (Lila) is presented as weak and vulnerable which is common for female characters. This is primarily evident in our narrative; Lila is the victim of a kidnapping. The narrative convention of a woman being kidnapped by a man/men has been used in many thriller films, such as crime-thriller 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' and action-thriller 'Taken'. The suggestion that she is vulnerable is emphasised through camerawork in shots such as figure 1 which is an extreme long shot, consequently presenting her as small and isolated. 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' also used this technique, as demonstrated in figure 2. Parts of our film's mise en scene (as shown in figure 3) also reinforce hyper-feminine stereotypes because Lila's bedroom is quite girly, for example the wallpaper has a pink floral print. Additionally, the light blue colour of her jacket could be considered feminine and create connotations of fragility due to its pale tone. The portrayal of Lila as an innocent victim could also perpetuate the stereotype of youth as vulnerable.

Figure 4

Figure 5

   Contrastingly, the older male character Mark (the antagonist) is presented as powerful. This is similarly seen through plot because he kidnaps Lila, overpowering her. This representation is also conveyed through elements of camerawork - for example, a slightly low angle shot (figure 4) presents him as intimidating. Furthermore, the composition of this shot reinforces his power because he is positioned on a third. This was also done to portray one of the kidnappers in 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' (figure 5).

Edited 24/03/17: Q7. Looking back to your preliminary task, what do you feel you have learnt in progression from it to the full product?

   For our preliminary task, we worked in small groups to film a character walking, opening a door and passing through the doorway, then having a conversation with another character. This was a shorter task than our final project which was to make the opening to a thriller film. Our preliminary task was also simpler because we did not have much consideration for establishing elements such as character, mood and genre, which are vital for producing a professional-looking film opening. However, it was a valuable opportunity to practice several important skills and techniques which we would need to be successful in our final project.

   For example, we practiced several methods of planning to help us in pre-production. One method which we used was making a storyboard of essential shots; this was valuable both in our preliminary task and our final project because it helped us to visualise the progression of our narrative and remember to include a variety of shot types, especially shot types which would create effect (such as close-ups to draw attention to key props). Another form of planning which we used in our preliminary task was a floorplan which enabled us to see the paths which our characters would follow, therefore we could see the line of action in our films and know how to avoid breaking the 180 degree rule. However, our pre-production was much more thorough for our final product - we did detailed research about the thriller genre and analysed other films from the genre to see how they successfully created an atmosphere whilst establishing plot, character, location and theme so that we could gain inspiration and find methods which we could adapt to include in our own product.

Figure 1

Figure 2

   Our preliminary task also helped us in our later production because we were able to familiarise ourselves with our school's equipment which we would use again later. We practiced using the digital cameras, gaining an understanding of their functions so that it was easier to use them efficiently when filming our thriller film opening. We also learnt how to adjust the tripods to change their height and change the angle of the camera, enabling us to achieve different angles to create effects in our film; in our preliminary task we used a high angle to present the protagonist as vulnerable (see figure 1), whereas in our thriller opening we used a low angle to present the antagonist as threatening (see figure 2).

   Another advantage of the task was that it gave us a chance to improve our teamwork skills. I worked with the same people in my preliminary task as I did for my final project, so we had already gained some insight into each others strengths to know how to distribute the work more successfully.

   We also benefited from our preliminary task when it came to editing our thriller film opening during post-production. We used Premiere Pro for editing both projects and our preliminary task let us practice using the software - for example, we learnt how to cut our footage by making in/out points and how to add transitions (such as dip to black). We used both of these skills when editing our final product, but for our thriller film opening we expanded our skills by also adding additional audio (including emphasised sound effects and background music) and adding titles/credits.

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

   Overall, our preliminary task also gave us an opportunity to learn from our mistakes throughout the process of making it so that we could avoid them in our final product and achieve a higher quality. For example, we had some continuity errors in our preliminary task so we were more careful in our thriller film opening to avoid this. We also did not include a great enough range of shots so we tried to improve this in our final product too. Additionally, one of the shots in our preliminary task was accidentally shaky because we did not use a tripod to film it, which looked unprofessional; in our preliminary task we rectified this by always using a tripod when shooting. On the other hand, we could also learn from the strengths of our preliminary task and attempt to replicate them in our final task. For example, we used some similar shots in both products including a close-up of main characters' (the protagonist in our preliminary task - see figure 3 - and the antagonist in our final task - see figure 4) shoes as they walked to convey their movement, a technique which we had seen in other films (such as 'Kill Bill', figure 5).

   Overall, I believe that my skills and knowledge as a filmmaker have improved significantly through both projects. I have a better understanding of the importance of thorough planning for a film and know how to use some planning methods. Additionally, I have gained some production experience through working in a small team, improving teamwork skills as well as becoming more comfortable with using a video camera. Furthermore, I had not used video editing software before my preliminary task, but I am now confident with basic editing techniques. As well as practical skills, I have gained some historical knowledge about the thriller genre and its influences through our study of film noir at the beginning of our course.

Edited 22/03/17: Q6. What have you learnt about technologies from the process of constructing this product?

The greater accessibility of HD cameras is empowering amateur production because cameras can now be bought at a more affordable cost so more people can use them, increasing the democratisation of film production. Additionally, the improved digital literacy of the public means that it is easier for amateurs to try film production and successfully employ a variety of techniques. It is also easy to find guidance on using more creative film-making techniques by searching for tutorials on websites such as YouTube. Furthermore, new technologies are enabling more creative film-making because the public can access a variety of resources for free, such as fonts on websites like DaFont, increasing the range of materials that they can use in their films. New technologies are also enhancing opportunities for collaboration and communication because media products can be shared on a range of platforms which the audience can post comments or send messages on.

Q3. What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?

Which film distribution company is most likely to distribute your film?

Which cinemas would be most suited?
     Multiplex cinema chains, such as Vue and Odeon, might not be best suited to exhibiting our film because they mostly show mainstream films (whereas our product is an independent film). They especially show high-budget blockbuster films, contrastingly our film is low-budget. An independent cinema would be more suitable for exhibiting our film because they show more non-mainstream films. For example, Cinema City in Norwich could be very suitable for showing our film, especially because our film was shot in Norwich and the cinema often includes some locally produced films within its programme (it recently exhibited 'The Go-Between', which was made in North Norfolk, as part of the cinema's 'Made in East Anglia' collection). However, Cinema City has a mostly older audience who our dark thriller with a young protagonist might not be as appealing to. On the other hand, the cinema does attract some younger people too - it offers a student membership and even holds free screenings for students as part of the 'E4 Slacker's Club'. Therefore, our film could attract some students who would find it appealing as they could empathise with the teenage protagonist.

How could digital technologies offer new distribution opportunities?

   Increased digitalisation has made it easier for many low-budget independent films to be distributed due to the lower cost of distributing online. Furthermore, video-on-demand services also enable a growing audience to be reached due to its increasing popularity. Online streaming services (like Netflix) have become especially popular with young people - statistics from the British Film Institute suggest that in 2011 20% of people aged 15-24 viewed downloaded/streamed films at least once a week, and this figure is likely to have increased in more recent years - due to their affordable charges and their convenience as they allow a wide range of content to be accessed quickly at home . Therefore, digital technologies could help us to reach a target audience of teenagers and young adults. Another advantage of video-on-demand services is that they often distribute a variety of films in a range of niche genres, including films with the same genre as our film; Netflix has a category for 'independent thrillers' on its website.

Final Cut

Rough Cut

Figure 1

   Camerawork could be considered a strength of my thriller film opening because our shots are steady which makes the film opening look more professional. Furthermore, we have used a range of angles and shot types with some consideration of their effects; for example, figure 1 is a low-angle shot to present the antagonist as threatening and this is reinforced by the character's position on a third.

Figure 2

   Some aspects of our mise en scene are also a strength of the production, for example the location in figure 2 could be thought of as a metaphorical space (like the tunnel in the opening of 'Essex Boys', as shown in figure 3) which symbolises a transition into danger. Furthermore, the dirty environment (which includes litter on the ground and smeared graffiti on the walls) is suggestive of a grimy urban environment which creates conventional connotations of bleakness and hopelessness.

Figure 3

   On the other hand, the pace of editing is a weakness; I think that a faster pace of cuts towards the end of my thriller film opening would be more effective at building tension towards the climactic cliff-hanger, so this is something that I will refine for my final cut.

Shooting Schedules

These were our shooting schedules over the past week.

Location:	Protagonist’s home (Park Lane)
Date:	22/02/17
Start/End times:	16:30 – 18:00
Crew required:	Freya, Timiah and Sarah
Actors required:	Mattie
Equipment needed:	Camera and tripod

Location:	Outside protagonist’s home (Park Lane)
Date:	25/02/17
Start/End times:	12:00 – 14:00
Crew required:	Freya and Sarah
Actors required:	Martin
Equipment needed:	Camera and tripod

Location:	Chapelfield underpass
Date:	25/02/17
Start/End times:	16:30 – 18:00
Crew required:	Freya, Timiah and Sarah
Actors required:	Mattie and Martin
Equipment needed:	Camera and tripod

Storyboards

   Figures 1 and 2 present our initial storyboard, which includes some of the key shots which we aim to include in our thriller film opening.

Figure 1

Figure 2

   We will aim to use a variety of shot types to make our film more interesting. This includes several close up shots to create a sense of intensity whilst presenting key props to establish character and emphasising facial expressions to display the characters' emotion. On the other hand we will also use long shots to establish location. We will add some shot-reverse-shots to suggest opposition between the protagonist and antagonist.

Figure 3

   We also began to consider where we would position credits within our opening. We decided that we would dip to black to present our credits, as was done in the opening scene of 'Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels' (as shown in figure 3). We would do this to create a startling contrast within our opening, plus as a way to transition between locations.

Sound

   In the opening of 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed', jarring sound effects are used (such as the sound of an electric drill). This emphasised harsh noise establishes an uneasy atmosphere. We would use similarly sudden sound effects in the opening of our thriller film, for example we have planned to include the diegetic sound effect of a door slamming in one of our first shots, to also unsettle the audience. The non-diegetic music in 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' could also influence our soundtrack; it used music which increases in pace to build tension and suspense. This is reinforced by the ticking sound in the music. Furthermore, the lack of dialogue in the opening of 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' is enigmatic and we will similarly not include any speech in our film opening to create a sense of mystery.

   Another film which we are influenced by is 'Se7en'. The first shot in the film is a black screen and the diegetic sound of traffic to establish the city location and suggest the typical connotations of a busy urban environment - chaos, corruption and immorality. Our film also has a conventional urban setting so we could include similar sound effects of passing cars in the background.

   'Panic Room' (another thriller film which was, like 'Se7en', directed by David Fincher) opens with orchestral non-diegetic music. This increases in intensity which builds tension, especially as it begins to include a fast-paced ticking sound (similar to 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed'). The contrasting pitch of the stringed instruments in this music connotes conflict, which is suggestive of the film's themes of terror and violence. We will also try to include tense music to unsettle our audience.
Panic Room Opening Titles from Ode on Vimeo.

Fonts

We have selected various fonts which we could use in the credits during the opening of our thriller film, which we have sampled with the name of our production company. Most of the fonts which we have considered, including 'Break It', are bold sans serif fonts. This is common in British thriller films, such as 'The Disappearance of Alice Creed' and 'Essex Boys'. This could be because the broad fonts may connote brutality. Additionally, 'Break It' has a fractured appearance which creates suitable generic connotations of conflict and violence.



Another font which we have considered is 'RR Ruitjes'. This sans serif font has a cage-like grid pattern which could foreshadow the capture of our protagonist. It also has a slightly worn look which connotes decay and despair. The damaged appearance could be compared to the scratchy font used in 'Se7en', which is effective because it is slightly unsettling for the audience.




Additionally, we have considered 'Tox Typewriter' as a font to use within our credits. This is a typewriter-style line serif font, like the font which was used in 'Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels'. The uneven widths of the letters' spines in 'Tox Typewriter' could be effective because it is suggestive of the themes of chaos and disorder which are common in thriller films.

Location Scouting

Characters, Costume and Props

Lila

Lila is the protagonist of our thriller film. She is a seventeen year old girl who gets stalked and kidnapped.

Costume

She will wear casual modern clothing, presenting her as youthful. It will include light colours to suggest innocence and convey purity, like Tracy Mills in 'Se7en'. Further influenced by this character, Lila will also have blonde hair which creates angelic connotations; this is quite common for 'damsel in distress' characters in the thriller genre.

Props

The first shot we see of Lila will be of her in her room. This setting will be tidy, presenting her as neat and organised. It will have a typically feminine colour scheme including light pinks to present her as slightly girly, reinforcing her vulnerability. Close-up shots of a table in Lila’s room will reveal schoolbooks, signifying that she is young and that she is hardworking. A pile of novels will suggest that she is quite quiet and reserved, however some framed photographs of family and a few friends will present her as kind and loving. Overall, this should present Lila as a likable character who will gain sympathy from the audience.

Mark

Mark is the antagonist of our thriller film. He lives on the same street as Lila and has an obsession with her. He has planned to kidnap her by following her as she walks home from work.

Costume

Most of Mark’s clothing will be in dark colours, connoting evil; this is conventional for the genre. However, it will be casual because he tries to remain inconspicuous. He will wear a wristwatch which he will check repeatedly, presenting him as impatient and controlling.

Props

The character’s impatience will be reinforced because he fidgets (tapping his feet and folding/re-folding a photograph in his hands) whilst waiting for Lila to leave the shop which she works at. This photograph will be of Lila, which will convey his obsession with her and signify that he has been watching her for a long time.

Treatment

We begin with the sound of a door clicking shut, before transitioning from black to a close up shot of the antagonist’s feet walking onto his gravel driveway. The weight of his footsteps is emphasised by the diegetic sound of the crunching gravel and its grey colour palette constructs gloomy connotations. This close up conceals details of the character, making him enigmatic so creating a sense of anticipation. We cut to an extreme long shot, establishing the location of a residential street, which reveals the house opposite. A shot through an upstairs window, creating a sense of intrusion, presents the protagonist in her bedroom. Within her bedroom, we cut to a close up of her face which conveys innocence as she calmly gets ready to go out. A close up of her table as she picks up her keys presents props which convey aspects of her character; schoolbooks convey that she is young and possibly vulnerable, plus photographs of family and friends signify that she is kind and innocent. A jump cut returns us to the antagonist, a close up of his watch and the emphasised diegetic sound of ticking presenting him as impatient and creating a sense of threat as it suggests that time may be limited for our protagonist.

Influenced by ‘The Disappearance of Alice Creed’, we aim to create an increasing sense of threat in the opening of our thriller film which is also about a kidnapping. We will use a similarly bleak colour scheme, containing greys, to create connotations of misery and we will also use close ups to create a sense of intensity. Also drawing influence from 'Se7en', our film will have an urban setting, suggestive of themes of immorality and violence, as is conventional of the thriller genre. Another influence from this film is that we will use close ups of props in the home of the protagonist to help establish her character (as was done for the character of Detective Somerset in 'Se7en').

Mood Board

Possible Locations

Type of location needed	Possible places	Advantages	Disadvantages	Who will get scouting photos of this location?
•   House -    Drive way x2 -    Gravel for footsteps	•   Mattie’s house - Park Lane	•   Gravel driveway •   Window •   Accessible •   Safe	•   Cars parked outside houses - in the way of the shots.	Timiah
•   Shops	•   In the City Centre: -    Imelda’s Shoe Shop -    Bench outside the shop	•   Accessible •   Multiple angles through shop windows and door	•   Unwanted background noise •   Customers in the shop	Sarah
•   Underpass	•   St Stephens	•   Graffiti – interesting mise en scene, emphasizes the urban environment •   Angles - 4 way path provides a variety of shots •   Lighting - daylight is provided through 4 different entrances	•   Busy underpass – passersby could get in the way of shooting and be in shot •   Background noise - traffic above - main bus route into the centre	Freya
	•   Anglia Square - main option	•   Graffiti- interesting mise en scene, emphasizes the urban environment •   Fairly quiet- unlikely to be       interrupted during filming- smoother •   An enclosed part of the city- opposite to St stephens	•   Traffic - background noise provided by the busy roundabout close by •   Lighting - fairly cut off - narrow underpass with small entrances •   A part of the city of which attracts the homeless because of a solid shelter and quiet - may be an issue in the case they do not want any cameras around and we would not want to intrude	Freya
	•   Chapelfield gardens	•   Lighting - wide and open area - leading to a vast park - widespread lighting - bright especially in the day - in the evening, dimly lit lights provided at either end and some in the underpass itself - reflecting off puddles could create interesting shots •   Artwork - eye catching •   Puddles provide interesting shots	•   It is not that safe to be filming in at night - evening shots would be ideal •   Not very privatized - very open to the public and very much in public use	Freya
•   Street Shots	•   Norwich Lanes •   Pottergate	•   Busy - wondering through crowds - interesting shots •   Lighting •   Background noise of the public in the scenes - provides a false sense of security for both character and audience as tension builds	•   Members of the public could get in the way of the characters in shot •   Independent shops and members of the public may find it uncomfortable to be on film - prevent the chance of filming. •   Unknown as to just how busy it will be	Freya